Geographic Atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that leads to progressive and irreversible vision loss. It is characterized by the gradual degeneration of retinal cells in the macula, the part of the eye responsible for sharp central vision. As the disease progresses, patients experience blind spots, difficulty reading, and loss of visual detail.

GA is a major concern because it primarily affects older adults and currently has limited treatment options. Unlike wet AMD, which can be treated with injectable therapies, GA progresses slowly but steadily, significantly impacting quality of life. The growing aging population worldwide has increased the prevalence of GA, making it a critical public health issue.

Recent advances in research have led to the development of novel therapies aimed at slowing disease progression by targeting inflammatory pathways and complement system activation. Improved imaging technologies also help in early diagnosis and disease monitoring.

Raising awareness, promoting regular eye examinations, and advancing therapeutic innovation are essential to managing the burden of geographic atrophy and preserving vision in aging populations.